【本文摘要】
✅ 澳洲 2026 年职业紧缺清单（Occupation Shortage List，OSL）由 Jobs and Skills Australia 于 2026 年 10 月 21 日发布：评估 1,021 个职业，279 个全国紧缺，占 27%，比 2025 年的 29% 和 2023 年高峰 36% 继续下降。
✅ 进：Developer Programmer（开发程序员）新列为紧缺；Chef、Pastrycook 和外科注册护士从「地区紧缺」升为「全国紧缺」。
✅ 出：Software Tester、Primary School Teacher、部分注册护士专科（Medical、Community Health 等）、Actuary 不再紧缺。
✅ 会计：Taxation Accountant 和 External Auditor 仍紧缺；Accountant (General)、Management Accountant、Internal Auditor 仍不紧缺。
✅ 最重要的一点：紧缺清单不是签证职业清单。上了紧缺清单不等于能申请签证，没上也不等于不能移民——189/190/491 看 MLTSSL/STSOL/ROL，482 Core Skills 和 186 Direct Entry 看 CSOL，州担保看各州自己的清单。
Summary
✅ Jobs and Skills Australia released the 2026 OSL on 21 October 2026: 279 of 1,021 occupations (27%) are in national shortage, down from 29% in 2025 and the 2023 peak of 36%.
✅ In: Developer Programmer; Chef, Pastrycook and Registered Nurse (Surgical) moved from regional to national shortage.
✅ Out: Software Tester, Primary School Teacher, several nursing specialties and Actuary.
✅ The OSL is a labour-market tool, not a visa list — your visa still depends on MLTSSL/STSOL/ROL, the CSOL or state nomination lists.
作者：Chun Qiu | 注册移民代理 | HWC Legal Melbourne
最后更新：2026年11月
「紧缺」不等于「能移民」：先分清紧缺清单和签证职业清单
A shortage rating is not a visa ticket — know which list actually decides your visa
小红书上「XX 职业进紧缺清单，移民稳了」的说法，大多把两张不同的清单混为一谈。紧缺清单告诉你哪里缺人，签证职业清单才决定你能申请什么签证。
Most “my job is now on the shortage list, PR is easy” posts confuse two different lists. The OSL tells you where employers struggle to hire; the visa lists decide which visa you can apply for.
📑 目录 | Table of Contents
- 什么是澳洲紧缺职业清单（OSL）
- 2026 清单的关键数字
- 谁进谁出：IT、护士、老师、厨师、会计、技工
- 紧缺清单 vs 签证职业清单：各签证看哪个
- 对你的移民规划有什么实际影响
- 三步查清你的职业
- 常见错误
- HWC Legal 能帮你做什么
- 常见问题 FAQ
🔍 什么是澳洲紧缺职业清单（OSL）？
What Is Australia’s Occupation Shortage List?
一份劳动力市场「体检报告」
A health check of the labour market
职业紧缺清单由联邦政府机构 Jobs and Skills Australia（JSA，澳洲就业与技能局）每年发布一次，评估每个职业在全国和各州是否「招人难」。
The OSL is published each year by Jobs and Skills Australia (JSA) and rates whether employers struggle to fill each occupation nationally and in each state.
它的主要依据是「职位填补率」：雇主发布的空缺里实际招到人的比例。按 JSA 的方法，填补率低于三分之二（67%）的职业，紧缺的可能性就很高。
The main input is the vacancy fill rate — the share of advertised vacancies that are actually filled. Under JSA’s method, a fill rate below two-thirds (67%) signals a high chance of shortage.
除此之外，JSA 还参考雇主调查、行业机构问卷、机器学习模型，以及各政府部门和行业技能委员会的反馈，最后给每个职业一个评级：全国紧缺、只在都市紧缺、只在地区紧缺，或不紧缺。
JSA also uses employer surveys, a stakeholder survey, a machine-learning model and feedback from agencies and Jobs and Skills Councils, then rates each occupation as national shortage, metropolitan shortage, regional shortage or no shortage.
谁会用这份清单？
Who uses it?
政府用它做培训资金、职业教育课程和劳动力规划；大学和 TAFE 用它调整招生；州政府在挑选州担保职业、联邦政府在检讨签证职业清单时，也可能把它当作参考之一。
Governments use it for training funding and workforce planning; universities and TAFEs use it for course planning; states and the Commonwealth may also consider it when reviewing nomination and visa occupation lists.
但它本身不是法律文件，不会直接改变任何签证的申请条件。这一点后面会详细讲。
But it is not a legal instrument and does not, by itself, change any visa criteria — more on this below.
📊 2026 澳洲紧缺职业清单的关键数字
Key Numbers in the 2026 OSL
紧缺比例连续第三年下降
Shortages eased for the third year in a row
2026 年的清单评估了 1,021 个职业，其中 279 个被评为全国紧缺，占 27%。这是 2022 年以来最低的比例。
The 2026 list assessed 1,021 occupations and rated 279 (27%) in national shortage — the lowest share since 2022.
| 年份 Year | 全国紧缺占比 Share in shortage | 说明 Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 36% | 高峰 Peak |
| 2024 | 33% | 开始回落 Easing |
| 2025 | 29% | 继续回落 Easing |
| 2026 | 27%（279 个） | 最新 Latest |
数字下降说明整体招聘压力在缓解，但并不意味着所有行业都不缺人了。
A lower number means hiring pressure has eased overall, not that every sector is now fully staffed.
长期紧缺的职业集中在技工和专业人士
Persistent shortages sit in trades and professions
- 技工类（Technicians and Trades Workers）中接近一半的职业仍紧缺。
Almost half of technicians and trades occupations remain in shortage. - 专业人士类（Professionals）中约 37% 紧缺。
About 37% of professional occupations are in shortage. - 有 127 个职业从 2021 年到 2026 年每一年都在紧缺清单上，主要是建筑、工程、电气通信技工、医疗、幼教和科学类。
127 occupations have been in shortage on every list from 2021 to 2026, concentrated in construction, engineering, electrotechnology, health, early childhood education and science.
今年 JSA 还首次把紧缺原因分成几类：培训周期长（例如需要多年学徒或学位）、培训周期短但人手不够、有人申请但「不合适」（经验、执照、地点不匹配），以及留不住人。
This year JSA also grouped shortage drivers: long training gaps, short training gaps, suitability gaps (applicants lack the right experience, licence or location) and retention gaps.
这对移民规划有参考意义：如果一个职业紧缺主要是因为「本地培训不够快」，政府更可能考虑技术移民来补；如果主要是「留不住人」，政府更可能从待遇和工作条件入手，而不是增加移民名额。
This matters for migration planning: where a shortage is mainly a training gap, migration is a more natural fix; where it is a retention gap, policy is more likely to focus on pay and conditions than on visas.
🔄 谁进谁出：IT、护士、老师、厨师、会计、技工
Who Moved In and Who Moved Out
按第三方对 JSA 数据的整理，2026 年有约 28 个职业新进入紧缺、约 42 个职业移出紧缺。下面是华人客户最常问的几个行业。
Based on third-party analysis of JSA data, about 28 occupations moved into shortage and about 42 moved out in 2026. Here are the sectors our clients ask about most.
| 行业 Sector | 2026 变化 Change | 仍紧缺 Still in shortage | 不紧缺 Not in shortage |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT | 新进：Developer Programmer 移出：Software Tester | Developer Programmer | Software Engineer、Analyst Programmer、Systems Analyst、Database Administrator、Data Analyst |
| 护士 Nursing | 移出：Registered Nurse（Medical、Community Health、Developmental Disability） 升级：Surgical 从地区紧缺升为全国紧缺 | Aged Care、Critical Care and Emergency、Mental Health、Paediatrics、Surgical | Medical 等部分专科 |
| 教师 Teaching | 移出：Primary School Teacher | Early Childhood、Secondary、Middle School、Special Needs、Vocational Education Teacher | Primary School Teacher、University Lecturer |
| 厨师 Hospitality | 升级：Chef、Pastrycook 从地区紧缺升为全国紧缺 | Chef、Pastrycook、Cook、Baker | — |
| 会计审计 Accounting | 移出：Actuary | Taxation Accountant、External Auditor | Accountant (General)、Management Accountant、Internal Auditor |
| 技工 Trades | 移出：Electrician (Special Class) 等 | Carpenter、Fitter (General)、Electrician (General)、Bricklayer | — |
表中只列常见职业，完整评级以 JSA 官网为准；同一个职业在不同州的评级也可能不同。
The table covers common occupations only; check JSA for full ratings, which can also differ by state.
几个值得注意的信号
Signals worth noting
- IT 两极分化：开发程序员紧缺，但软件工程师、数据分析师不紧缺。IT 移民的竞争仍然集中在 189 邀请分数上，这份清单不会让 IT 邀请分数自动下降。
IT is split: Developer Programmer is in shortage, but Software Engineer and Data Analyst are not. IT invitation scores will not drop just because of this list. - 厨师升级：Chef 从地区紧缺升为全国紧缺，说明城市里也招不到人，对已经在做厨师、准备走雇主担保的人是正面信号。
Chefs upgraded: Chef moved from regional to national shortage — a positive sign for chefs pursuing employer sponsorship. - 护士分化：养老、急诊重症、精神健康护士仍然紧缺，但部分专科已移出。护士整体仍是移民的热门方向，但专科的选择越来越重要。
Nursing is mixed: aged care, critical care and mental health nurses remain in shortage while some specialties moved out. - 会计仍是「税务和外审」：Accountant (General) 连续两年不紧缺。
Accounting: only Taxation Accountant and External Auditor remain in shortage.
🧭 紧缺清单 vs 签证职业清单：各签证看哪个？
OSL vs Visa Occupation Lists: Which List Applies to Your Visa?
真正决定你能申请哪种签证的，是移民局通过立法文件公布的签证职业清单。截至 2026 年 11 月，主要对应关系如下：
What decides your visa options are the occupation lists the Department of Home Affairs sets by legislative instrument. As of November 2026:
| 签证 Visa | 看哪个清单 Which list | 备注 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 189 独立技术移民 | MLTSSL | 邀请分数由 SkillSelect 每轮决定 |
| 190 州担保 / 491 偏远州担保 | MLTSSL、STSOL、ROL + 各州自己的担保清单 | 州政府有自己的职业和条件，每年更新 |
| 482 Core Skills 工签 | CSOL（Core Skills Occupation List，约 456 个职业） | 雇主担保，工资不低于 CSIT（2026-07-01 起 $79,499） |
| 482 Specialist Skills 工签 | 不看职业清单（技工、机械操作、劳工类除外） | 工资不低于 SSIT（2026-07-01 起 $146,717） |
| 186 Direct Entry 永居 | CSOL | 186 TRT（482 转永居）不看清单，看原 482 的职业 |
| 494 偏远雇主担保 | MLTSSL、STSOL、ROL | 地区雇主担保 |
也就是说：紧缺清单上有的职业，可能根本不在 189 的 MLTSSL 上；紧缺清单上没有的职业，也可能仍然在 CSOL 上，可以走 482 雇主担保。两张表要分开查。
So an occupation in shortage may not be on the MLTSSL for a 189, and an occupation not in shortage may still be on the CSOL for a 482. Check them separately.
✅ 紧缺清单能告诉你 What the OSL tells you
- 这个职业现在招人难不难
How hard employers find it to hire - 长期趋势，适合选专业、选职业方向时参考
Long-term trends, useful when choosing a course or career - 州政府和联邦检讨清单时可能参考的方向
Possible direction of future list reviews
⚠️ 紧缺清单不能告诉你 What it does not tell you
- 你能不能申请某个签证
Whether you are eligible for a visa - 189 邀请分数会不会降
Whether invitation scores will drop - 州担保会不会给你名额
Whether a state will nominate you
🎯 对你的移民规划有什么实际影响？
What It Means for Your Migration Plans
正在读书、准备选专业的同学
Students choosing a course
紧缺清单适合用来判断一个方向是否「长期有工作」，但选专业时更要看这个职业在不在签证清单上、职业评估要求什么，以及毕业后 485 期间能不能积累对口工作经验。
The OSL helps you judge long-term job demand, but when choosing a course also check the visa lists, the skills assessment requirements and whether you can gain relevant work experience on a 485.
我们最近常见的情况是：同学看到某个职业「进了紧缺清单」就急着转专业，但没有算过读完要花多长时间、职业评估要不要工作经验、毕业时签证还剩多久。转专业前最好先做一次完整的时间线评估。
A situation we often see: students switch courses after reading that an occupation “made the shortage list”, without working out how long the course takes, whether the skills assessment needs work experience, or how much visa time will remain. Map the timeline first.
想了解哪些课程和移民方向更匹配，可以参考我们的 2026 澳洲读什么专业好移民。
For course choices, see our guide to courses for PR in 2026.
准备递交 EOI、等州担保的人
EOI and state nomination candidates
州担保的职业和条件由各州自己定。州政府在决定优先职业时，常常参考本州劳动力短缺情况，所以紧缺清单的州级评级值得一看，但最终要以州政府公布的当年规则为准。
States set their own nomination occupations and criteria and often consider local shortages, so the OSL’s state ratings are worth a look — but the state’s published rules for the year are what count.
例如维州和南澳的 2026–27 年州担保规则差异很大，可以参考 维州 190 州担保指南 和 南澳 2026–27 州担保解读。
For example, Victoria and South Australia run very different 2026–27 programs — see our Victoria 190 guide and South Australia 2026–27 update.
雇主担保（482/186）的申请人和雇主
Employer-sponsored applicants and employers
482 Core Skills 和 186 Direct Entry 看 CSOL，与紧缺清单是两回事。不过，CSOL 本身也是 JSA 根据劳动力市场数据提出建议、再由政府定的，所以长期紧缺的职业，在将来检讨 CSOL 时更有机会被保留或加入；长期不紧缺的职业，将来存在被调整的风险。具体会不会变，要等政府正式公布。
The 482 Core Skills stream and 186 Direct Entry use the CSOL, not the OSL. But JSA also advises on the CSOL using labour-market data, so persistently short occupations are better placed in future reviews and persistently non-short ones carry some risk. Nothing changes until the government formally updates the list.
482 的条件和流程可以参考 澳洲 482 技能需求签证指南。
For 482 requirements, see our 482 Skills in Demand visa guide.
✅ 三步查清你的职业
Check Your Occupation in Three Steps
- 确定准确的 ANZSCO 代码：按你的实际工作内容和职业评估机构的要求选，不要只看职位名称。
Pin down the right ANZSCO code based on your actual duties and the assessing authority’s criteria, not just your job title. - 查签证职业清单：在移民局官网的职业清单页面查这个代码在哪些清单上、对应哪些签证、有没有附加条件（caveat）。
Check the visa lists on the Home Affairs occupation list page, including any caveats. - 再看紧缺清单和州清单：用 JSA 的紧缺评级判断长期需求，用州政府的当年规则判断州担保机会。
Then check the OSL and state lists to gauge long-term demand and nomination prospects.
三种常见情况怎么判断（示例）
Three common situations (illustrative)
情况一：做厨师、在 485 上，想走雇主担保。Chef 今年升为全国紧缺，是正面信号；但能不能申请 482，要看 Chef 是否在 CSOL 上、雇主能否满足担保义务、工资是否达到 CSIT，以及你的工作经验和英语。
Scenario 1: a chef on a 485 seeking sponsorship. The upgrade is positive, but a 482 still depends on the CSOL, the employer’s obligations, the CSIT, your experience and English.
情况二：读会计、想拿 189。Accountant (General) 不紧缺，但这不改变它在 MLTSSL 上的地位；真正的难点仍是 EOI 分数和邀请分数线，紧缺清单帮不上忙。
Scenario 2: an accounting graduate aiming for a 189. The OSL rating does not change its MLTSSL status; the real hurdle is EOI points and invitation cut-offs.
情况三：IT 毕业生，岗位是测试。Software Tester 今年移出紧缺，短期内签证资格不受影响，但长期看建议把职业发展和职业评估方向一起规划，例如积累开发类工作经验，具体需个案评估。
Scenario 3: an IT graduate working in testing. Software Tester moved out of shortage; eligibility is not affected for now, but long-term planning of duties and assessment is worth doing case by case.
⚠️ 常见错误
Common Mistakes
- 把紧缺清单当成签证清单：以为上了紧缺清单就能申请 189，或者没上就不能移民。
Treating the OSL as a visa list. - 只看职位名称、选错 ANZSCO 代码：实务中最容易出错的就是这一步。例如 Accountant (General) 和 Taxation Accountant 在紧缺清单上的评级不同，在职业评估和州担保里的要求也不同；代码选错，后面的职评、EOI 和签证都可能出问题。
Choosing the wrong ANZSCO code. This is the step where we see the most errors — a wrong code can undermine the skills assessment, EOI and visa. - 根据网上「紧缺」消息临时转专业：没算课程时长、职评要求和签证剩余时间。
Switching courses on headlines without mapping course length, assessment rules and visa time. - 用旧清单做判断：紧缺清单每年更新，签证职业清单和州担保规则也会变；做决定前要查当年最新版本。
Relying on an old list — all of these lists change. - 以为全国评级就代表本州：同一职业在不同州的紧缺评级可能不同，州担保看的是本州情况。
Assuming the national rating applies to your state.
🤝 HWC Legal 能帮你做什么？
How HWC Legal Can Help
我们是墨尔本的注册移民代理和执业律师团队，可以帮你把「紧缺清单、签证清单、州担保、职业评估」放在一起看，给出一条可执行的时间线。
We are a Melbourne team of registered migration agents and lawyers who can put the OSL, visa lists, state nomination and skills assessment together into a practical timeline.
- 核对你的 ANZSCO 代码和职业评估路径
Check your ANZSCO code and skills assessment pathway - 评估 189/190/491、482、186 哪条路更适合你
Compare 189/190/491, 482 and 186 options - EOI 打分、州担保申请和材料准备
EOI points, state nomination and documents - 雇主担保签证的雇主和申请人双方服务
Employer-sponsored visas for employers and employees - 价格匹配：拿来其他机构的正式报价，同等服务条件下我们可以匹配
Price match: bring a formal quote from another provider and we can match it for equivalent services
更多签证服务请看 墨尔本签证律师服务。
See our Melbourne visa services for more.
📞 0402 672 808
📧 info@adjmigration.com
💬 WeChat: service_au1
🌐 hwclegal.com
中英文均可咨询 / English & Mandarin
❓ 常见问题 FAQ
2026 澳洲紧缺职业清单是什么时候发布的？
Jobs and Skills Australia 于 2026 年 10 月 21 日发布，评估 1,021 个职业，279 个全国紧缺（27%）。
It was released on 21 October 2026: 279 of 1,021 occupations (27%) are in national shortage.
我的职业在紧缺清单上，是不是就能申请技术移民？
不一定。紧缺清单不是签证职业清单。189/190/491 要看 MLTSSL、STSOL、ROL 和州担保清单，482 Core Skills 和 186 Direct Entry 要看 CSOL。
Not necessarily. The OSL is not a visa list — check the MLTSSL/STSOL/ROL, state lists or the CSOL for your visa.
我的职业不在紧缺清单上，还能移民吗？
可能可以。只要职业在对应签证的职业清单上并满足其他条件，就可以申请，例如不紧缺的 Accountant (General) 仍在 MLTSSL 上。能否获邀或获批需个案评估。
Possibly. If your occupation is on the relevant visa list and you meet the criteria you can apply; outcomes need individual assessment.
会计在 2026 紧缺清单上吗？
Taxation Accountant 和 External Auditor 仍紧缺；Accountant (General)、Management Accountant、Internal Auditor 不紧缺。
Taxation Accountant and External Auditor remain in shortage; Accountant (General), Management Accountant and Internal Auditor do not.
紧缺清单会影响 189 邀请分数吗？
不会直接影响。189 邀请分数由每轮 SkillSelect 邀请的名额和 EOI 竞争决定。
Not directly. 189 invitation scores depend on each SkillSelect round and EOI competition.
程序员进入紧缺清单，对 IT 移民有什么帮助？
对 Developer Programmer 的就业和雇主担保是正面信号，但 Software Engineer、Data Analyst 等仍不紧缺，IT 技术移民的竞争不会因此自动减少。
It is a positive signal for Developer Programmers, but most IT occupations remain not in shortage and EOI competition is unchanged.
官方来源 Sources（截至 2026 年 11 月 / as of November 2026）：Jobs and Skills Australia：Occupation Shortage List｜2026 OSL Key Findings Report｜Home Affairs：Skilled occupation list｜482 CSOL：LIN 24/089；186 Direct Entry：LIN 24/093；189/190/491：LIN 19/051
本文为一般信息，不构成法律或移民建议。政策可能变化，请按个人情况咨询注册移民代理。
General information only, not legal or migration advice. Policies change — seek advice for your circumstances.
